Understanding What Is a DER – A Clear Guide

In the evolving landscape of the electric power system, the concept of distributed energy resources (DERs) plays a crucial role. But what exactly is a DER? Let’s delve into its definition and explore its impact on the grid and the ongoing electric power system transformation.

Distributed energy resources refer to sources of electric power that are not directly connected to the bulk power system (BPS). These resources include generators and energy storage technologies that can export active power to an electric power system. DERs come in various forms, from retail-scale options like rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to utility-scale solutions such as small combined heat and power plants.

The rise of DERs is significantly transforming the generation, transmission, and distribution systems within the North American electric power grid. Technological advancements, especially in inverter-based resources, are driving changes in the design, control, planning, and operation of the grid. As a result, understanding and effectively integrating DERs have become critical for maintaining the reliability and resilience of our power grid.

In the upcoming sections, we will explore the impact of DERs on grid reliability and planning, as well as the regulation and oversight measures being implemented to ensure customer protection and fair market practices.

Impact of DERs on Reliability and Planning

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) recognizes the need to address the impacts of DERs on the reliability of the bulk power system. They have developed a DER strategy and published various technical reference documents to guide the industry in understanding and managing DERs.

These technical reference documents provide comprehensive guidelines and recommendations for data collection, modeling, and planning processes related to DERs. Focusing on accurate and comprehensive data is crucial for developing reliable models and conducting effective planning studies that consider the impacts of DERs.

By incorporating DERs into reliability studies and planning assessments, transmission planners can identify potential reliability risks and make informed decisions to ensure the secure operation of the grid.

The DER Strategy

The DER strategy developed by NERC serves as a roadmap for utilities and grid operators to navigate the challenges posed by the integration of DERs. The strategy outlines key principles and objectives to facilitate the reliable and effective integration of DERs into the power system.

One of the main objectives of the DER strategy is to enhance and maintain grid reliability by ensuring the seamless integration of DERs. It emphasizes the importance of accurate data collection and modeling to understand the behavior of DERs and their impacts on the grid.

To support the implementation of the DER strategy, NERC has published technical reference documents that provide detailed guidelines and best practices for data collection, DER modeling, and planning processes.

Data Collection and DER Modeling

Accurate data collection is essential for developing reliable DER models that reflect the behavior and characteristics of these resources. The technical reference documents published by NERC outline the data requirements and methodologies for collecting data related to DERs.

DER modeling involves analyzing the technical and operational aspects of DERs to understand their impact on the grid. The technical reference documents provide guidance on the modeling techniques and parameters that should be considered when incorporating DERs into reliability studies and planning assessments.

By incorporating DER modeling into reliability studies, grid operators can assess and quantify the potential impacts of DERs on system reliability. This allows for the identification of potential reliability risks and the development of appropriate mitigation measures.

Planning Processes and Reliability Guidelines

The technical reference documents also provide guidelines for incorporating DERs into the planning processes of utilities and grid operators. These guidelines help ensure that the impacts of DERs are adequately considered during resource planning, capacity expansion, and system operation studies.

Reliability guidelines outlined in the technical reference documents assist in identifying and mitigating potential reliability risks associated with the integration of DERs. These guidelines consider factors such as DER penetration levels, operational characteristics, and system vulnerabilities in order to maintain grid reliability.

By following the reliability guidelines and incorporating DER modeling into planning processes, grid operators can make informed decisions to ensure the reliable and secure operation of the power system.

Note: The image above illustrates the process of DER modeling, providing valuable insights for planning and ensuring the reliability of the grid.

Regulation and Oversight of DERs

The Public Service Commission is taking proactive steps to ensure the regulation and oversight of DER providers and products. The primary objective is to safeguard customers from exploitative pricing, deceptive marketing practices, and abusive marketing tactics. To achieve this, the commission is establishing clear rules and uniform marketing and contracting practices, promoting customer protection. One of the key focuses is to ensure that both customers and DER suppliers understand their rights and responsibilities, including the procedures for resolving complaints.

For effective oversight, the Department of Public Service (DPS) has developed registration and disclosure forms specifically for community distributed generation (CDG) projects and on-site mass-market DG providers. These forms are crucial in monitoring compliance with regulations and upholding uniformity. Additionally, the DPS has designated ombudsmen who play a vital role in assisting DER providers and addressing any issues or concerns that may arise.

By implementing comprehensive regulation and oversight measures, the commission aims to establish a transparent and fair DER market that benefits all stakeholders involved. These efforts are vital in maintaining customer confidence and trust, as well as promoting ethical marketing practices within the industry.